Federal Appeals Court Halts Restrictions on Immigration Enforcement Tactics in Minnesota
January 21, 2026
News & Politics

Federal Appeals Court Halts Restrictions on Immigration Enforcement Tactics in Minnesota

Legal suspension enables continued use of forceful methods during immigration operations amid ongoing protests

Summary

A federal appeals court has paused a prior ruling that barred federal agents from using tear gas and other aggressive tactics against protesters in Minnesota. This decision coincides with ongoing immigration enforcement initiatives, including Operation Metro Surge, and legal challenges faced by state officials opposing these measures. Concurrently, Maine has emerged as a new site of immigration enforcement under the Trump administration, confronting resistance from local officials.

Key Points

The 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals paused a ruling restricting federal immigration officers from using tear gas and pepper spray against peaceful protesters in Minnesota, allowing current enforcement tactics to persist during appeal proceedings.
Operation Metro Surge continues in the Twin Cities, with federal authorities arresting thousands of individuals reportedly in the country illegally, including those classified as dangerous offenders.
In Maine, a new immigration enforcement operation titled Catch of the Day faces resistance from state officials, including denial of confidential license plates requests to Customs and Border Protection due to concerns over enforcement abuses.

MINNEAPOLIS – The 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals issued a temporary suspension on a federal judge's order that prevented immigration officers from deploying tear gas, pepper spray, or other harsh tactics against peaceful demonstrators in Minnesota. This stay allows federal authorities to maintain their current enforcement practices while a government appeal proceeds.

The initial injunction had barred federal operatives from retaliatory actions toward the public, including the detention of individuals reportedly following agents in vehicles. These restrictions were imposed amidst the ongoing Operation Metro Surge, an immigration enforcement campaign active for several weeks in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.

The appeals court decision followed legal arguments presented by the Justice Department, emphasizing the necessity to uphold law enforcement capabilities amid protests. Attorney General Pam Bondi lauded the ruling on social media, highlighting federal commitment to protecting agents from criminal activity and judicial overreach.

Shortly after the stay was granted, footage surfaced of U.S. Border Patrol Commander Greg Bovino warning protesters of imminent use of tear gas before deploying a canister emitting green smoke into a crowd gathered on a snowy street in Minneapolis.

Minnesota remains a central stage for federal immigration crackdowns, in part due to recent events including the fatal shooting of Renee Good by an ICE officer on January 7. Opposition from local and state officials to these enforcement actions has intensified, with some facing subpoenas from a federal grand jury seeking records that could indicate efforts to impede federal operations.

Amid this, a political action committee established by former Vice President Kamala Harris reached out to supporters soliciting contributions to a defense fund for Governor Tim Walz, her prospective vice-presidential candidate for 2024. The committee characterized Justice Department efforts as targeting opponents of the Trump administration.

In Maine, the Department of Homeland Security has branded its latest enforcement initiative "Catch of the Day," underlining the state's reputation for its seafood industry. Despite Maine's relatively small undocumented immigrant population, the presence of refugees, particularly from African nations, in larger cities has drawn attention.

Secretary of State Shenna Bellows declined a request by Customs and Border Protection for confidential license plates, citing concerns about potential misuse by immigration agencies. Bellows affirmed that current plates remain valid but actions to issue new ones are paused pending assurances against abusive practices.

Portland City Council member Pious Ali expressed community unease over ICE activities, underscoring the integral role immigrants play in sectors such as healthcare, education, and hospitality. These workers contribute substantively to the local economy.

Operation Metro Surge's reported achievements include over 10,000 illegal immigration-related arrests statewide in the past year, with approximately 3,000 individuals labeled as among the most dangerous detained in recent weeks according to U.S. Border Patrol leadership.

However, immigrant advocates like Julia Decker of the Immigrant Law Center of Minnesota questioned the reliability of government-reported arrest figures and detainee profiles, highlighting limited transparency.

Legal proceedings continue over contested claims involving the alleged assault of an immigration officer by two men, Alfredo Alejandro Aljorna and Julio Cesar Sosa-Celis. While the officer described being attacked with a broom and snow shovels following a vehicular incident and foot pursuit, neither defendants admitted to such actions, and video footage along with witness accounts did not corroborate the officer's version.

Attorneys for both men noted their clients lack prior violent offenses and have maintained low profiles, undertaking nighttime work as DoorDash drivers to avoid agent encounters. Despite potential bond releases, a magistrate judge observed that ICE custody could persist independent of the outcome in the assault case.

In response to escalating enforcement, city councils in Minneapolis and Saint Paul advocate for a moratorium on evictions statewide, aiming to stabilize housing for families amid concerns about ICE detentions impacting tenants' ability to remain sheltered.

Minneapolis City Council's Minority Leader Robin Wonsley emphasized the untenable choice facing workers between securing housing and risking deportation during commuting. Concurrently, grassroots organizers from the Minnesota Immigrant Rights Action Committee called for accountability regarding the death of Renee Good, urging elected officials to denounce federal violence and to oppose further ICE funding.

Federal officials defend the officer involved in Good's shooting as acting in self-defense, despite video footage showing Good's vehicle slowly driving away from the officer at the time of the fatal shot.

The evolving situation highlights competing legal, political, and social dimensions of immigration enforcement in key U.S. regions, with potential ramifications for community relations, public safety policies, and governmental authority boundaries.

Risks
  • Ongoing legal disputes and federal-state tensions regarding immigration enforcement tactics could result in unpredictable policy changes, affecting enforcement agencies and local governments' operational plans.
  • Community unrest and protests stemming from enforcement activities and incidents like the fatal shooting of Renee Good may lead to increased social and political volatility in affected regions.
  • Lack of transparency and conflicting accounts in enforcement operations and arrests could undermine public trust and complicate judicial proceedings, impacting immigration and legal sectors.
Disclosure
This article presents factual reporting on recent developments in immigration enforcement legal proceedings, operational campaigns in Minnesota and Maine, and related political responses without expressing any editorial opinion or endorsement.
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