In Beijing, the leaders of the United Kingdom and China convened for an 80-minute discussion, twice the scheduled duration, marking a significant step toward revitalizing their bilateral relationship amid global instability. Neither official directly referenced US President Donald Trump, but his administration’s disruption of the post-Cold War global framework was undoubtedly a factor in their dialogue.
Starmer highlighted the necessity of collaboration on critical issues such as climate change and global stability during turbulent times. "I believe working together on these challenges is exactly what we should pursue while shaping our relationship as I have outlined," he remarked to President Xi at the outset of their meeting in the Great Hall of the People in central Beijing.
This visit represents the first by a British prime minister in eight years and has already yielded numerous governmental and commercial agreements, including a new arrangement allowing British tourists and business travelers to visit China visa-free for up to 30 days.
Relations between the two nations had worsened over the years due to several points of contention: allegations of Chinese espionage activities on UK soil, China’s support for Russia’s involvement in Ukraine, and the erosion of freedoms in Hong Kong following its 1997 handover from British to Chinese control. Xi acknowledged that previous years saw setbacks in their relationship, which served neither side’s interests.
He pointed to the complex and evolving international environment as a reason for China and the UK to enhance dialogue and cooperation to preserve global peace and stability. Without explicitly naming the US, China’s state broadcaster CCTV quoted Xi emphasizing that major powers must adhere to international law to prevent the world from descending into a 'jungle' scenario.
Downing Street characterized the desired UK-China relationship as a "consistent, long-term strategic partnership benefiting both countries." Starmer indicated that progress had been made on issues including reducing Chinese tariffs on Scottish whisky and implementing the visa exemption for British visitors, describing the relationship as being "in a strong, positive place." He also noted that these advances came despite criticism he faced at home regarding his engagement with China amid ongoing concerns about national security and human rights.
A controversial approval of a large new Chinese embassy in London removed a previous point of friction but stimulated debate over fears that the facility could facilitate espionage or intimidation of dissidents residing in the UK. Xi acknowledged the challenges that come with positive developments, affirming that leaders will bravely confront difficulties as long as actions align with the country's and people's fundamental interests.
Starmer’s visit follows the recent conviction of Jimmy Lai, a British citizen and former newspaper editor, under Hong Kong's national security law imposed by Beijing after the 2019 pro-democracy protests. While Starmer stated he raised human rights concerns during his discussions with Xi and described the exchange as respectful, his focus remains on balancing security with diplomatic and economic engagement.
Since assuming office in July 2024, Starmer has emphasized the importance of reclaiming an outward-looking approach, recognizing that international events have profound impacts on domestic matters such as supermarket prices and national security. His government, facing challenges to economic growth and a cost-of-living crisis affecting millions in the UK, views China as a potential source of economic opportunity.
Accompanied by over 50 senior business executives and cultural leaders, Starmer’s trip aims to broaden prospects for British companies in China and attract Chinese investment into the UK. Among the announced commercial deals, AstraZeneca committed to investing $15 billion in China by 2030. The UK is also seeking expanded access to China’s extensive professional and financial services markets, with both nations agreeing to conduct a feasibility study as a preliminary phase toward negotiating a formal agreement.
Recent disruptions in global trade following Trump's return to the White House have heightened the urgency for governments to expand commerce and investment opportunities. For example, Vietnam and the European Union elevated their relationship to a "comprehensive strategic partnership" on the same day, shortly after the EU and India agreed on a free trade deal. European Council President António Costa underscored the necessity of unity among reliable partners amid multiple challenges to the international rule-based order.
Starmer is the fourth leader from a US ally visiting Beijing in recent weeks, following counterparts from South Korea, Canada, and Finland. Germany's foreign minister is expected to visit subsequently. During the day, Starmer also met with Zhao Leji, chairman of China’s National People’s Congress, and Premier Li Qiang. Li expressed that Starmer’s efforts to strengthen bilateral ties were widely welcomed in both countries.
Speaking to the UK-China Business Council, Starmer expressed his intention to cultivate "a more sophisticated relationship fit for the current era." He invoked a Chinese phrase symbolizing the pursuit of common goals while respecting differences, emphasizing their joint commitment to this approach.